php/app/middleware/SecurityMiddleware.php

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace app\middleware;

use think\facade\Db;
use think\facade\Log;
use think\facade\Cache;
use think\Request;
use think\Response;

/**
 * 安全防护中间件
 */
class SecurityMiddleware
{
    // 配置参数
    protected $config = [
        'enable_logging' => true,        // 是否记录攻击日志
        'enable_blocking' => true,       // 是否自动封禁攻击IP
        'max_param_length' => 500,       // 参数最大长度（超过部分截断）
        'max_logs_per_ip' => 100,        // 单个IP最大攻击记录数
        'block_duration' => 86400,       // 封禁时长（秒），默认24小时
        'attack_threshold' => 10,        // 攻击阈值（超过此次数自动封禁）
    ];

    /**
     * 处理请求
     */
    public function handle(Request $request, \Closure $next)
    {
        // 检查IP是否已被封禁
        if ($this->isIpBlocked($request->ip())) {
            $this->logBlockedAccess($request);
            return $this->blockResponse();
        }

        // 安全检查
        $attackDetected = $this->checkSecurity($request);

        if ($attackDetected) {
            // 记录攻击并可能封禁IP
            $this->handleAttack($request, $attackDetected);

            // 返回通用错误，不泄露信息
            return $this->errorResponse();
        }

        return $next($request);
    }

    /**
     * 安全检查
     */
    protected function checkSecurity(Request $request): array
    {
        $attacks = [];

        // 检查GET参数
        foreach ($request->get() as $key => $value) {
            if ($this->detectAttack($value, $key)) {
                $attacks[] = [
                    'type' => $this->detectAttackType($value),
                    'param' => $key,
                    'value' => $value
                ];
            }
        }

        // 检查POST参数
        foreach ($request->post() as $key => $value) {
            if ($this->detectAttack($value, $key)) {
                $attacks[] = [
                    'type' => $this->detectAttackType($value),
                    'param' => $key,
                    'value' => $value
                ];
            }
        }

        // 检查请求头（可选）
        if ($this->checkHeaders($request)) {
            $attacks[] = [
                'type' => 'header_injection',
                'param' => 'headers',
                'value' => json_encode($request->header(), JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE)
            ];
        }

        return $attacks;
    }

    /**
     * 检测攻击
     */
    protected function detectAttack($value, string $key = ''): bool
    {
        if (!is_string($value)) {
            return false;
        }

        // 检查SQL注入
        if ($this->detectSqlInjection($value)) {
            return true;
        }

        // 检查XSS攻击
        if ($this->detectXss($value)) {
            return true;
        }

        // 检查命令注入
        if ($this->detectCommandInjection($value)) {
            return true;
        }

        // 检查路径遍历
        if ($this->detectPathTraversal($value)) {
            return true;
        }

        // 检查文件包含
        if ($this->detectFileInclusion($value)) {
            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * 检测SQL注入
     */
    protected function detectSqlInjection(string $input): bool
    {
        $patterns = [
            // Union注入
            '/union\s+(all\s+)?select/i',

            // 注释符
            '/--\s+|\/\*.*?\*\//s',

            // 延时注入
            '/sleep\s*\(\s*\d+\s*\)/i',
            '/benchmark\s*\(.*?\)/i',
            '/waitfor\s+delay/i',

            // 条件语句
            '/or\s+[\'"]?[\d\w][\'"]?\s*=\s*[\'"]?[\d\w][\'"]?/i',
            '/and\s+[\'"]?[\d\w][\'"]?\s*=\s*[\'"]?[\d\w][\'"]?/i',

            // 堆叠查询
            '/;\s*(select|insert|update|delete|drop|create|alter|exec)/i',

            // 错误注入
            '/extractvalue\s*\(|updatexml\s*\(/i',

            // 盲注
            '/if\s*\(.*?,\s*.*?,\s*.*?\)/i',
        ];

        foreach ($patterns as $pattern) {
            if (preg_match($pattern, $input)) {
                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * 检测XSS攻击
     */
    protected function detectXss(string $input): bool
    {
        $patterns = [
            // 脚本标签
            '/<script\b[^>]*>(.*?)<\/script>/is',
            '/javascript\s*:/i',
            '/on(load|error|click|mouse|key|focus|blur|submit)\s*=/i',

            // 事件处理
            '/<\w+\s+[^>]*on\w+\s*=[^>]*>/i',

            // 数据协议
            '/data\s*:/i',
            '/vbscript\s*:/i',

            // 框架/对象
            '/<iframe\b[^>]*>/i',
            '/<object\b[^>]*>/i',
            '/<embed\b[^>]*>/i',
            '/<applet\b[^>]*>/i',
        ];

        foreach ($patterns as $pattern) {
            if (preg_match($pattern, $input)) {
                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * 检测命令注入
     */
    protected function detectCommandInjection(string $input): bool
    {
        $patterns = [
            // 系统命令
            '/(?:system|exec|shell_exec|passthru|proc_open|popen|pcntl_exec)\s*\(/i',

            // 管道符
            '/\|\s*\w+/',
            '/;\s*\w+/',

            // 危险命令
            '/\b(?:rm\s+-|cat\s+\/|wget\s+|curl\s+|nc\s+)\b/i',

            // 反引号
            '/`.*?`/',
        ];

        foreach ($patterns as $pattern) {
            if (preg_match($pattern, $input)) {
                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * 检测路径遍历
     */
    protected function detectPathTraversal(string $input): bool
    {
        $patterns = [
            '/\.\.\//',
            '/\.\.\\\/',
            '/\/etc\/passwd/i',
            '/\/proc\/self/i',
            '/\.\.%2f/i',
            '/\.\.%5c/i',
        ];

        foreach ($patterns as $pattern) {
            if (preg_match($pattern, $input)) {
                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * 检测文件包含
     */
    protected function detectFileInclusion(string $input): bool
    {
        $patterns = [
            '/include\s*\(|require\s*\(|include_once|require_once/i',
            '/php:\/\/filter/i',
            '/phar:\/\//i',
            '/zip:\/\//i',
            '/expect:\/\//i',
        ];

        foreach ($patterns as $pattern) {
            if (preg_match($pattern, $input)) {
                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * 检查请求头
     */
    protected function checkHeaders(Request $request): bool
    {
        $suspiciousHeaders = [
            'x-forwarded-for' => '/^[\d\.\,]+$/',
            'user-agent' => '', // 可以为空，但可以检查恶意UA
            'referer' => '',    // 检查可疑referer
        ];

        foreach ($suspiciousHeaders as $header => $pattern) {
            $value = $request->header($header);
            if ($value && $pattern && !preg_match($pattern, $value)) {
                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * 检测攻击类型
     */
    protected function detectAttackType(string $input): string
    {
        if ($this->detectSqlInjection($input)) {
            return 'sql_injection';
        }
        if ($this->detectXss($input)) {
            return 'xss';
        }
        if ($this->detectCommandInjection($input)) {
            return 'command_injection';
        }
        if ($this->detectPathTraversal($input)) {
            return 'path_traversal';
        }
        if ($this->detectFileInclusion($input)) {
            return 'file_inclusion';
        }

        return 'unknown';
    }

    /**
     * 处理攻击
     */
    protected function handleAttack(Request $request, array $attacks): void
    {
        $ip = $request->ip();

        // 记录攻击日志
        foreach ($attacks as $attack) {
            $this->logAttack($ip, $request, $attack);
        }

        // 检查是否达到封禁阈值
        if ($this->config['enable_blocking']) {
            $this->checkAndBlockIp($ip);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 记录攻击日志到数据库
     */
    protected function logAttack(string $ip, Request $request, array $attack): void
    {
        if (!$this->config['enable_logging']) {
            return;
        }

        try {
            // 限制参数值长度
            $paramValue = mb_substr($attack['value'], 0, $this->config['max_param_length'], 'UTF-8');

            // 获取用户代理
            $userAgent = $request->header('user-agent', '');

            // 获取其他信息
            $requestData = [
                'method' => $request->method(),
                'url' => $request->url(),
                'full_url' => $request->url(true),
                'get_params' => json_encode($request->get(), JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE),
                'post_params' => json_encode($request->post(), JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE),
            ];

            // 使用参数绑定防止二次注入
            Db::name('security_log')->insert([
                'attack_type' => $attack['type'],
                'ip_address' => $ip,
                'param_name' => $attack['param'],
                'param_value' => $paramValue,
                'user_agent' => mb_substr($userAgent, 0, 500, 'UTF-8'),
                'request_method' => $request->method(),
                'request_url' => mb_substr($request->url(), 0, 500, 'UTF-8'),
                'request_data' => json_encode($requestData, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE),
                'create_time' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s'),
                'update_time' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')
            ]);

            // 更新IP攻击计数
            $this->incrementIpAttackCount($ip);

        } catch (\Exception $e) {
            // 数据库写入失败时记录到文件日志
            Log::error('安全日志记录失败: ' . $e->getMessage());
        }
    }

    /**
     * 增加IP攻击计数
     */
    protected function incrementIpAttackCount(string $ip): void
    {
        $key = 'security:attack_count:' . $ip;
        $count = Cache::inc($key, 1);

        // 设置24小时过期
        if ($count === 1) {
            Cache::expire($key, 86400);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 检查并封禁IP
     */
    protected function checkAndBlockIp(string $ip): void
    {
        $key = 'security:attack_count:' . $ip;
        $count = Cache::get($key, 0);

        if ($count >= $this->config['attack_threshold']) {
            $blockKey = 'security:blocked_ip:' . $ip;
            Cache::set($blockKey, 1, $this->config['block_duration']);

            // 记录封禁日志
            Log::warning('IP被封禁', [
                'ip' => $ip,
                'attack_count' => $count,
                'block_duration' => $this->config['block_duration']
            ]);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 检查IP是否被封禁
     */
    protected function isIpBlocked(string $ip): bool
    {
        $key = 'security:blocked_ip:' . $ip;
        return Cache::has($key);
    }

    /**
     * 记录封禁访问
     */
    protected function logBlockedAccess(Request $request): void
    {
        Log::info('封禁IP访问被阻止', [
            'ip' => $request->ip(),
            'url' => $request->url(),
            'method' => $request->method(),
            'user_agent' => $request->header('user-agent', '')
        ]);
    }

    /**
     * 封禁响应
     */
    protected function blockResponse(): Response
    {
        return response()
            ->json([
                'code' => 403,
                'message' => '访问被拒绝',
                'data' => null
            ])
            ->code(403)
            ->header([
                'Content-Type' => 'application/json',
                'Retry-After' => 3600
            ]);
    }

    /**
     * 错误响应
     */
    protected function errorResponse(): Response
    {
        return response()
            ->json([
                'code' => 400,
                'message' => '请求参数错误',
                'data' => null
            ])
            ->code(400);
    }
}